There are many different identification technologies available, many of which have been in widespread commercial use for years. The most common person verification and identification methods today are Password/PIN (Personal Identification Number) systems, and Token systems (such as your driver's license). Because such systems have trouble with forgery, theft, and lapses in users' memory, there has developed considerable interest in biometric identification systems, which use pattern recognition techniques to identify people using their physiological characteristics. Fingerprints are a classic example of a biometric; newer technologies include retina and iris recognition. While appropriate for bank transactions and entry into secure areas, such technologies have the disadvantage that they are intrusive both physically and socially. They require the user to position their body relative to the sensor, and then pause for a second to 'declare' himself or herself. This 'pause and declare' interaction is unlikely to change because of the fine-grain spatial sensing required. Moreover, there is an 'oracle-like' aspect to the interaction: since people can't recognize other people using this sort of data, these types of identification do not have a place in normal human interactions and social structures. While the `pause and present' interaction and the oracle-like perception are useful in high-security applications (they make the systems look more accurate), they are exactly the opposite of what is required when building a store that recognizes its best customers, or an information kiosk that remembers you, or a house that knows the people who live there. Face recognition from video and voice recognition have a natural place in these next-generation smart environments -- they are unobtrusive (able to recognize at a distance without requiring a 'pause and present' interaction), are usually passive (do not require generating special electro-magnetic illumination), do not restrict user movement, and are now both low-power and inexpensive.